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Deinococcus radiodurans
''Deinococcus radiodurans'' is an extremophilic bacterium, one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known. It can survive cold, dehydration, vacuum, and acid, and is therefore known as a polyextremophile and has been listed as the world's toughest bacterium in ''The Guinness Book Of World Records''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 author= Sarah DeWeerdt )〕
==Name and classification==
The name ''Deinococcus radiodurans'' derives from the Ancient Greek δεινός (''deinos'') and κόκκος (''kokkos'') meaning "terrible grain/berry" and the Latin ''radius'' and ''durare'', meaning "radiation surviving". The species was formerly called ''Micrococcus radiodurans''. As a consequence of its hardiness, it has been nicknamed Conan the Bacterium.
Initially, it was placed in the genus ''Micrococcus''. After evaluation of ribosomal RNA sequences and other evidence, it was placed in its own genus ''Deinococcus'', which is closely related to the genus ''Thermus'' of heat-resistant bacteria; the group consisting of the two is accordingly known as ''Deinococcus-Thermus''.
''Deinococcus'' is the only genus in the order ''Deinococcales''. ''D. radiodurans'' is the type species of this genus, and the best studied member. All known members of the genus are radioresistant: ''D. proteolyticus'', ''D. radiopugnans'', ''D. radiophilus'', ''D. grandis'', ''D. indicus'', ''D. frigens'', ''D. saxicola'', ''D. marmoris'', ''D. deserti'', ''D. geothermalis'' and ''D. murrayi''; the latter two are also thermophilic.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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